Treating edema is a complex process. Edema is a condition in which fluid accumulates between the tissues in a part of the body, leading to swelling and enlargement. Edema can be localized (in a specific area) or generalized (throughout the body). The fluid can accumulate under the skin (subcutaneous edema), between muscles (muscular edema), around joints (articular edema), or in other tissues.
Edema most commonly develops due to the following causes:
In kidney disease or heart failure, the body cannot effectively remove excess fluid, leading to edema.
In areas of injury or inflammation, the permeability of blood vessels increases, which can cause fluid accumulation.
Lymphedema occurs due to complete immobility (e.g., a paralyzed limb, severely bedridden patient) or diseases affecting the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is responsible for removing fluid from tissues, and if it is not functioning properly, edema develops.
Edema Treatment
Edema treatment depends on the underlying cause! The appropriate approach may vary in each case. Here are some general considerations:
In heart and kidney diseases, the goal of edema treatment is to improve cardiac and renal function. These are usually managed with medications, as well as by optimizing fluid intake and salt balance. Establishing the correct edema treatment is a medical task. In heart and renal disease, compression treatments are not suitable as they may increase cardiac workload and worsen the overall condition.
Compression therapy involves the application of external pressure. Edema (fluid) is located between tissues and can be 'guided' with external pressure. For example, in cases of arm or leg edema, compressing the limb can move the edema fluid to an area with better circulation, where it can be reabsorbed. This method is not helpful for edema affecting the whole body or in heart-kidney disease.
Compression is primarily used for lymphedema, swelling due to injuries, venous insufficiency, and residual symptoms three months after thrombosis.
Mechanical lymphatic drainage (compression therapy) for paralyzed or long-term bedridden patients helps improve circulation in the immobile limb and reduces limb swelling.- Physiotherapy methods, especially muscle stimulation (EMS). Treatments such as Bemer therapy, magnetic therapy, low-level laser, and ultrasound therapy are suitable for locally stimulating lymphatic circulation.
EMS can be especially helpful in treating lower limb edema. EMS triggers rhythmic muscle contractions—the foundation of blood circulation in the legs. Those who can walk and move frequently are less likely to develop edema.
It is important to know that edema treatment primarily depends on the cause of the edema, so what works for one person may not be suitable for another! Do not start treatment on your own or based on self-diagnosis!
Seek professional advice to choose the therapy that is right for you!
